Current JAMB Syllabus For Biology [+Free PDF]

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You will see the latest JAMB syllabus for Biology this year and also download a Free PDF copy to know the topics where all your JAMB Biology questions will be asked from.

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Expect about 40 questions in your JAMB Biology exam from different topics under these 5 sections of the JAMB Biology syllabus.

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VARIETY OF ORGANISMS

1. Living organisms:

• a. Characteristics
• b. Cell structure and functions of cell components
• c. Level of organization
  • i. Cell e.g. euglena and paramecium,
  • ii. Tissue, e.g. epithelial tissues and hydra
  • iii. Organ, e.g. onion bulb
  • iv. Systems, e.g. reproductive, digestive and excretory
  • v. Organisms e.g. Chlamydomonas

2. Evolution among the following:

• a. Monera (prokaryotes), e.g. bacteria and blue green algae.
• b. Protista (protozoans and protophyta), e.g. Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium
• c. Fungi, e.g. mushroom and Rhizopus.
• d. Plantae (plants)
  • i. Thallophyta (e.g. Spirogyra)
  • ii. Bryophyta (mosses and liveworts) e.g. Brachmenium and Merchantia.
  • iii. Pteridophyta (ferns) e.g. Dryopteris.
  • iv. Spermatophyta (Gymnospermae and Angiospermae)
    • – Gymnosperms e.g. Cycads and conifers.
    • – Angiosperms (monocots, e.g. maize; dicots, e.g. water leaf).
• e. Animalia (animals)
  • i. Invertebrates
    • – coelenterate (e.g. Hydra)
    • – Platyhelminthes (flatworms) e.g. Taenia
    • – Nematoda (roundworms)
    • – Annelida (e.g. earthworm)
    • – Arthropoda e.g. mosquito, cockroach, housefly, bee, butterfly
    • – Mollusca (e.g. snails)
  • ii. Multicellular animals (vertebrates)
    • – pisces (cartilaginous and bony fish)
    • – Amphibia (e.g. toads and frogs)
    • – Reptilia (e.g. lizards, snakes and turtles)
    • – Aves (birds)
    • – Mammalia (mammals)

3.a Structural/functional and behavioural adaptations of organism.

• b. adaptive colouration and its functions
• c. Behavioural adaptations in social animals.
• d. Structural adaptations in organism.

FORM AND FUNCTIONS

1.

• a. Internal structure of a flowering plant
  • i. Root
  • ii. Stem
  • iii. Leaf

• b. Internal structure of a mammal.

2. Nutrition

• a. Modes of nutrition
  • i. Autotrophic
  • ii. Heterotrophic

• b. Types of nutrition

• c. Plant nutrition
  • i. Photosynthesis
  • ii. Mineral requirements (macro and micro-nutrients).
• d. Animal nutrition
  • i. Classes of food substances; carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, mineral salts and water.
  • ii. Food tests (e.g. starch, reducing sugar, protein, oil, fat etc.
  • iii. The mammalian tooth (structures, types and functions)
  • iv. Mammalian alimentary canal.
  • v. Nutrition process (ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation of digested food.

3. Transport

• a. Need for transportation
• b. Materials for transportation.
  • Excretory products, gases, manufactured food, digested food, nutrient, water and hormones).
• c. Channels for transportation.
  • i. Mammalian circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries).
  • ii Plant vascular system (phloem and xylem).
• d. Media and processes of mechanism for transportation.

4. Respiration

• a. Respiratory organs and surfaces.
• b. The mechanism of gaseous exchange in:
  • i. Plants
  • ii. Mammals
• c. Aerobic respiration.
• d. Anaerobic respiration.

5. Excretion

• a. Types of excretory structures: contractile vacuole, flamecell, nephridium, Malpighian tubule, kidney, stoma and lenticel.
• b. Excretory mechanisms:
  • i. Kidneys
  • ii. lungs
  • iii. skin
• c. Excretory products of plants.

6. Support and movement.

• a. Tropic, tactic, nastic and sleep movements in plants.
• b. supporting tissues in animals.
• c. Types and functions of the skeleton
  • i. Exoskeleton.
  • ii. Endoskeleton.
  • iii. Functions of the skeleton in animals.

7. Reproduction

• a. A sexual reproduction.
  • i. Fission as in Paramecium.
  • ii. Budding as in yeast.
  • iii. Natural vegetative propagation.
  • iv. Artificial vegetative propagation.
• b. sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
  • i. Floral parts and their functions.
  • ii. Pollination and fertilization.
  • iii. products of sexual reproduction.
• c. Reproduction in mammals.
  • i. structures and functions of the male and female reproductive organs.
  • ii. Fertilization and development. (Fusion of gametes).

8. Growth.

• a. meaning of growth.
• b. Germination of seeds and condition necessary for germination of seeds.

9. Co-ordination and control.

• a. Nervous coordination:
  • i. the components, structure and functions of the central nervous system;
  • ii. The components and functions of the peripheral nervous systems;
  • iii. Mechanism of transmission of impulses;
  • iv. Reflex action.
• b. The sense organs.
  • i. skin (tactile).
  • ii. nose (olfactory).
  • iii. tongue (taste).
  • iv. eye (sight).
  • v. ear (auditory).
• c. Hormonal control.
  • i. animal hormonal system
    • – pituitary.
    • – thyroid.
    • – parathyroid.
    • – adrenal gland.
    • – pancreas.
    • – gonads.
  • ii. Plant hormones (phytohormones) animal.
• d. Homeostasis.
  • i. Body temperature regulation.
  • ii. Salt and water regulation.

ECOLOGY

1. Factors affecting the distribution of Organisms

• i. Abiotic.
• ii. Biotic.

2. Symbiotic interactions of plants and animals.

• (a) Energy flow in the ecosystem: food chains, food webs and trophic levels.
• (b) Nutrient cycling in nature.
  • i. carbon cycle.
  • ii. water cycle.
  • iii. Nitrogen cycle.

3. Natural Habitats.

• (a) Aquatic (e.g. ponds, streams, lakes seashores and mangrove swamps).
• (b) Terrestrial/arboreal (e.g. tree-tops of oil palm, abandoned farmland or a dry grassy (savanna) field, and burrow or hole.

4. Local (Nigerian) Biomes).

• a. Tropical rainforest.
• b. Guinea savanna (southern and northern).
• c. Sudan Savanna.
• d. Desert.
• e. Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu, Jos, Mambilla Plateau.

5. The Ecology of Populations:

• (a) Population density and overcrowding.
• (b) Adaptation for survival.
  • i. Factors that bring about competition.
  • ii. Intra and inter-specific competition.
  • iii. Relationship between competition and succession.
• (c) Factors affecting population sizes:
  • i. Biotic (e.g. food, pest, disease, predation, competition, reproductive ability).
  • ii. Abiotic (e.g. temperature, space, light, rainfall, topography, pressure, pH) etc.
• (d) Ecological succession.
  • i. primary succession.
  • ii. secondary succession.

6. Soil.

• (a) (i) characteristics of different types of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey).
  • i. soil structure.
  • ii. porosity, capillarity and humus content.
  • iii. Components of the soil.
    • i. inorganic.
    • ii. organic.
    • iii. soil organisms.
    • iv. soil air.
    • v. soil water
  • iv. Soil fertility:
    • i. loss of soil fertility.
    • ii. renewal and maintenance of soil fertility.

7. Humans and Environment.

• (a) Diseases:
  • (i) Common and endemic diseases.
  • ii. Easily transmissible diseases and disease syndrome such as:
    • – poliomyelitis
    • – cholera
    • – tuberculosis
    • – sexually transmitted disease/syndrome (gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, etc).
• b. Pollution and its control.
  • (i) sources, types, effects and methods of control.
  • (ii) Sanitation and sewage.
• (c) Conservation of Natural Resources.
• (d) Game reserves and National parks.

HEREDITY AND VARIATION

1. Variation In Population.

• a. Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals.
  • (i) size (height, weight).
  • (ii) Colour (skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers.
  • (iii) Fingerprints.
• b. Physiological variation.
  • (i) Ability to roll tongue.
  • (ii) Ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC).
  • (iii) Blood groups.
• c. Application of discontinuous variation in crime detection, blood transfusion and determination of paternity.

2. Heredity.

• a) Inheritance of characters in organisms;
  • i. Heritable and non-heritable characters.
• b) Chromosomes – the basis of heredity;
  • (i) Structure.
  • (ii) Process of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring.
• c) Probability in genetics and sex determination.
• d) Application of the principles of heredity in:
  • i) Agriculture.
  • (ii) Medicine.
• e. Sex – linked characters e.g. baldness, haemophilia, colour blindness, etc.

EVOLUTION

1. Theories of evolution.

• a) Lamarck’s theory.
• b) Darwin’s theory.
• c) organic theory.

2. Evidence of evolution.

Source: JAMB IBASS

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